BOOK: Francine MCKENZIE, GATT and Global Order in the Postwar Era (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020). ISBN 9781108494892, £ 29.99

(Source: CUP)

Cambridge University Press is publishing a new book on the Post-WWII trading system and its role in foreign policy and international relations.

ABOUT THE BOOK

After the Second World War, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) promoted trade liberalization to help make the world prosperous and peaceful. Francine McKenzie uses case studies of the Cold War, the creation of the EEC and other regional trade agreements, development, and agriculture, to show that trade is a primary goal of foreign policy, a dominant (and divisive) aspect of international relations, and a vital component of global order. She unpacks the many ways in which trade was politicised, and the layers of meaning associated with trade; trade policies, as well as disputes about trade, communicated ideas, hopes and fears that were linked to larger questions of identity, sovereignty, and status. This study reveals how the economic and political dimensions of foreign policy and international engagement intersected, showing that trade was not only instrumentalised in the service of particular policies or relations but that it was also an essential aspect of international relations.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Francine McKenzie, University of Western Ontario

Francine McKenzie is a Professor at the University of Western Ontario. She is an international historian who has published extensively on international cooperation, trade, and global order. Her publications include Redefining the Bonds of Commonwealth, 1939-1948 (2002), A Global History of Trade and Conflict since 1500 (2013) and Dominion of Race: Rethinking Canada's International History (2017).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction: GATT in World Affairs
1. Accidental Organization: Origins and Early Years of GATT
2. 'An Arrow in the Western World's Quiver': The Cold War Challenge to GATT
3. 'Take It or Leave It': The EEC Challenge to GATT
4. 'Spread Like the Plague': The Regional Challenge to GATT
5. 'Rich Man's Club': The Development Challenge to GATT
6. 'Agricultural Anarchy': The Agriculture Challenge to GATT
Conclusion: The Embattled History of GATT.

More info here

(source: ESCLH Blog)

BOOK: Gabrielle MARCEAU (ed.), A History of Law and Lawyers in the GATT/WTO. The Development of the Rule of Law in the Multilateral Trading System. Cambridge: CUP, May 2015. 648 p. ISBN 9781107085237. £ 95

(image source: CUP)

Gabrielle Marceau (WTO Secretariat, Geneva) published a collective work at Cambridge University Press on  A History of Law and Lawyers in the GATT/WTO. The Development of the Rule of Law in the Multilateral Trading System

Abstract:

How did a treaty that emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War, and barely survived its early years, evolve into one of the most influential organisations in international law? This unique book brings together original contributions from an unprecedented number of eminent current and former GATT and WTO staff members, including many current and former Appellate Body members, to trace the history of law and lawyers in the GATT/WTO and explore how the nature of legal work has evolved over the institution's sixty-year history. In doing so, it paints a fascinating portrait of the development of the rule of law in the multilateral trading system, and allows some of the most important personalities in GATT and WTO history to share their stories and reflect on the WTO's remarkable journey from a 'provisionally applied treaty' to an international organisation defined by its commitment to the rule of law.


=> Provides a new perspective on the role of law and lawyers in the GATT/WTO Secretariats which highlights the multiple roles of lawyers and non-lawyers in enhancing the rule of law in the multilateral trading system
=> Offers an historical and analytical description of the evolution of the rule of law in the GATT/WTO systems and the various and sometimes contradictory ways in which commitment to the rule of law has manifested itself in the multilateral trading system
=> Contributions from a wide range of current and former GATT and WTO staff, as well as members of the Appellate Body, provide unprecedented insights into the legal work in the multilateral trading system, as experienced by a wide range of persons

Table of contents:

1. Introduction and overview
 2. Moving towards an international rule of law? The role of the GATT and the WTO in its development

Part I. The Role of Law and Lawyers in the GATT System:
1948–92: Infancy: Reflections on the Origins of Legalization in the GATT:3. We were young together: at the GATT, 1956–58
 4. Law and lawyers in the multilateral trading system: back to the future
 5. Towards a GATT legal office
 6. A short history of the rules division
 Childhood: the Tokyo Round and the establishment and work of the first legal office:
7. Remembrance of things past: my time at the GATT
 8. The first years of the GATT legal service
 9. Early dispute settlement in the GATT
 10. GATT dispute settlement practices: setting the stage for reform
 11. The role of law in international trade relations and the establishment of the Legal Affairs Division of the GATT
 12. From the GATT to the WTO: a personal journey
 13. The establishment of a GATT Office of Legal Affairs and the limits of 'public reason' in the GATT/WTO dispute settlement system
 14. Evolving dispute settlement practice with respect to anti-dumping in the late 1980s and early 1990s

 Part II. Legal Work After the Entry into Force of the WTO:
1993–95: Adolescence: Transition from the GATT to the WTO:15. The Legal Affairs Division and law in the Uruguay Round and the GATT
 16. Taking care of business: the Legal Affairs Division from the GATT to the WTO
 17. From the GATT to the WTO: the expanding duties of the Legal Affairs Division in non-panel matters
 18. The WTO Dispute Settlement Body: procedural aspects of its operation
 Young adult: the WTO as a formal international organisation:
19. Making law in 'new' WTO subject areas: competition policy and government procurement
 20. The meat in the sandwich
 21. From theory to practice: drafting and applying the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU)
 22. WTO panel composition: searching far and wide for administrators of world trade justice
 23. Legal counsel to the administration: a legal adviser who should not look like one
 24. Outside looking in, after many years on the inside looking out

Part III. The Changing Legal Character of the Multilateral Trading System:
1996 to Today: Adulthood: The Quasi-Judicialization of the Panel Process by the Rules and Legal Affairs Divisions:25. The first years of WTO dispute settlement: dealing with controversy and building confidence
 26. From Seattle to Doha: from the surreal to the unreal. A personal account
 27. Extending the scope and strengthening the legitimacy of WTO dispute settlement and some personal recollections Bruce Wilson
 28. Working in WTO dispute settlement: pride without prejudice
 29. The meaning of everything: the origin and evolution of the GATT and the WTO analytical index
 30. When science meets law: the rule of law in the development of the panel's expert consultation process
 Gaining maturity: the appellate body and the impact of the appellate review on the development of international trade law:
31. The founding of the appellate body
 32. The authority of an institution: the appellate body under review
 33. Launching the appellate body
 34. Revisiting the appellate body: the first six years
 35. Not in clinical isolation
 36. The appellate body in its formative years: a personal perspective
 37. Reflections on the functioning of the appellate body
 38. A country boy goes to Geneva
 39. Contribution of the WTO appellate body to treaty interpretation

Part IV. Looking Ahead: New Challenges and Opportunities:40. Advising the Director-General: brevity is the soul of wit, even for a lawyer
 41. The Legal Affairs Division at thirty and beyond
 42. Will the increased workload of WTO panels and the appellate body change how WTO disputes are adjudicated?
 43. Concluding remarks.