ESIL Interest Group History of International Law

ESIL Interest Group History of International Law
Showing posts with label international organisations. Show all posts
Showing posts with label international organisations. Show all posts

Monday, 11 October 2021

BOOK: Jens STEFFEK, International Organization as Technocratic Utopia [Transformations in Governance, ed. Liesbeth HOOGHE & Gary MARKS] (Oxford: OUP, 2021), 256 p. ISBN 9780192845573, 75 GBP

 

(image source: OUP)

Book abstract:

As climate change and a pandemic pose enormous challenges to humankind, the concept of expert governance gains new traction. This book revisits the idea that scientists, bureaucrats, and lawyers, rather than politicians or diplomats, should manage international relations. It shows that this technocratic approach has been a persistent theme in writings about international relations, both academic and policy-oriented, since the 19th century. The technocratic tradition of international thought unfolded in four phases, which were closely related to domestic processes of modernization and rationalization. The pioneering phase lasted from the Congress of Vienna to the First World War. In these years, philosophers, law scholars, and early social scientists began to combine internationalism and ideals of expert governance. Between the two world wars, a utopian period followed that was marked by visions of technocratic international organizations that would have overcome the principle of territoriality. In the third phase, from the 1940s to the 1960s, technocracy became the dominant paradigm of international institution-building. That paradigm began to disintegrate from the 1970s onwards, but important elements remain until the present day. The specific promise of technocratic internationalism is its ability to transform violent and unpredictable international politics into orderly and competent public administration. Such ideas also had political clout. This book shows how they left their mark on the League of Nations, the functional branches of the United Nations system and the European integration project. Transformations in Governance is a major academic book series from Oxford University Press. It is designed to accommodate the impressive growth of research in comparative politics, international relations, public policy, federalism, and environmental and urban studies concerned with the dispersion of authority from central states to supranational institutions, subnational governments, and public-private networks. It brings together work that advances our understanding of the organization, causes, and consequences of multilevel and complex governance. The series is selective, containing annually a small number of books of exceptionally high quality by leading and emerging scholars.

On the author:

Jens Steffek is Professor of Transnational Governance at the Technical University of Darmstadt. His research interests include international organizations, international history and international political theory. He is the author of Embedded Liberalism and Its Critics: Justifying Global Governance in the American Century (Palgrave, 2006) and has published articles in numerous scholarly journals. 

(source: OUP) 

Wednesday, 17 February 2021

BOOK: Karen GRAM-SKJOLDAGER, Haakon Andreas IKONOMOU & Torsten KAHLERT (eds.), Organizing the 20th-Century World. International Organizations and the Emergence of International Public Administration, 1920-1960s [Histories of Internationalism] (London: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020), ISBN 9781350134584, 82,8 USD

 

(image source: Bloomsbury)

Abstract:

International Organizations play a pivotal role on the modern global stage and have done, this book argues, since the beginning of the 20th century. This volume offers the first historical exploration into the formative years of international public administrations, covering the birth of the League of Nations and the emergence of the second generation that still shape international politics today such as the UN, NATO and OECD. Centring on Europe, where the multilaterization of international relations played out more intensely in the mid-20th century than in other parts of the world, it demonstrates a broad range of historiographical and methodological approaches to institutions in international history. The book argues that after several 'turns' (cultural, linguistic, material, transnational), international history is now better equipped to restate its core questions of policy and power with a view to their institutional dimensions. Making use of new approaches in the field, this book develops an understanding of the specific powers and roles of IO-administrations by delving into their institutional make-up.

 Table of contents:

Chapter 1: Introduction, Karen Gram-Skjoldager, Aarhus University, Denmark and Haakon A. Ikonomou, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, and Torsten Kahlert, and University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

Part I: Populating Administrations
Chapter Biographical Analysis: Insights and Perspectives from the IO BIO Dictionary Project Bob Reinalda, Radboud University, The Netherlands.
Chapter 3 The Biography as Institutional Can-Opener: An Investigation of Core Bureaucratic Practices in the Early Years of the League of Nations Secretariat
Haakon A. Ikonomou, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Chapter 4 Prosopography – Unlocking the Social World of International Organizations
Torsten Kahlert, Aarhus University, Denmark.

Part II: Learning and Norms
Chapter 5: The Influence of the United States on the Rise of Global Governance in
Education: The OEEC and UNESCO in the Post-World War II Period,
Maren Elfert, King's College London, UK & Christian Ydesen, Aalborg University, Denmark.
Chapter 6: Learning Across Institutions – the Officials of the ECSC High Authority and EEC Commission, Katja Seidel, University of Westminster, UK
Chapter 7: Food and Nutrition – Expertise Across International Epistemic Communities and Organizations, 1919-1960, Amy Sayward, Middle Tennessee State University, USA.


Part III: Legitimacy and Legimization
Chapter 8: Legitimizing International Bureaucracy – Press and Information Work from the League of Nations to the UN, Emil Seidenfaden, Aarhus University, Denmark
Chapter 9: The Avant-Garde of the League: The International Federation of League of Nations Societies and their Part in Governing the World, Anne Isabel Richard, Leiden University, The Netherlands
Chapter 10 An Uneasy Relationship – German Diplomats and Bureaucrats in the League of Nations, Michael Jonas, Helmut Schmidt Universität, Germany

Part IV: Leadership and Administration
Chapter 11: Secretaries-General and Crisis Management – Trygve Lie and the UN, Ellen Ravndal, University of Stavanger, Norway.
Chapter 12: Leadership Styles and Organizing Principles in NATO: Ismay, Spaak and Wörner, Linda Risso, Institute of Historical Research/School of Advanced Studies, UK
Chapter 13: The Making of International Civil Servants c. 1920-1960 – Establishing the Profession, Karen Gram-Skjoldager, University of Copenhagen, Denmark and Haakon A. Ikonomou, Aarhus University, Denmark

(source: Bloomsbury) 

Thursday, 28 January 2021

BOOK: Geoffrey GRANDJEAN, Histoire de la construction européenne (Brussels : Larcier, 2020). ISBN 9782802739708, 90.00 EUR

  

(Source: Larcier)

Larcier has published a book on the history of “la construction européenne”.

ABOUT THE BOOK

À l’heure où l’Union européenne donne des signes d’un délitement annoncé, cet ouvrage s’intéresse, dans la perspective du temps long, aux États et aux personnalités politiques ayant joué et jouant encore un rôle majeur dans l’histoire de la construction européenne. En interrogeant l’idée d’Europe, en examinant les conséquences des deux guerres mondiales et en détaillant les étapes de la construction européenne, cet ouvrage tend à démontrer que l’Union européenne ne vit que par ses États et pour ses États.

À travers l’analyse de faits historiques, la présentation de notices biographiques et l’étude de textes fondamentaux, cette Histoire de la construction européenne propose une immersion dans des contextes politiques, sociaux, économiques ou encore culturels à la fois convergents et divergents. Elle est surtout l’occasion de s’interroger sur la possibilité de concrétiser une commune solidarité entre les citoyens et les États européens.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Geoffrey Grandjean : Professeur de science politique à la Faculté de Droit, de Science politique et de Criminologie (ULiège)

 

The table of contents can be found here

 

More info here


(source: ESCLH Blog)

Tuesday, 8 December 2020

PODCAST: Les 75 ans de l'ONU (interview with Olivier CORTEN by Radio Campus (ULB))

 

(image source: Wikimedia Commons)

Description:

Fondée sur les ruines de la Société des Nations (SDN), l'Organisation des Nations Unies pose ses bases durant la seconde guerre mondiale. Avec une volonté affichée d'assurer la paix partout où c'est nécessaire, où en est l'ONU après 75 ans d'existence. Avec Olivier Corten, professeur de droit international à l'ULB.

Listen here. 

Friday, 6 November 2020

CHAPTER: Jan KLABBERS, 'An Accidental Revolution: The ILO and the Opening Up of International Law', in: Tarja HALONEN & Ulla LIUKKUNEN (eds.), International Labour Organization and Global Social Governance (Heidelberg: Springer, 2020), ISBN 978-3-030-55399-9

 

(image source: Springer)

Abstract:

This article discusses the pioneering role of the ILO not in terms of its contribution to labour law, but in terms of its epistemic relevance: it was the first international organization which cut through the classic borderline between national law and international law. In order to do so, the article sketches pre-ILO legal doctrine, and discusses the creation and particular structure of the ILO at some length: why even create an organization to address labour issues, instead of concluding a convention? This is followed by outlining just how relevant the role of the ILO has been.

Book description:

This open access book explores the role of the ILO (International Labour Organization) in building global social governance from multiple and mutually complementary perspectives. It explores the impact of this UN´s oldest agency, founded in 1919, on the transforming world of work in a global setting, providing insights into the unique history and functions of the ILO as an organization and the evolution of workers’ rights through international labour standards stemming from its regulatory mechanism. The book examines the persistent dilemma of balancing the benefits of globalization with the protection of workers. It critically assesses the challenges that emerge when international labour standards are implemented and enforced in highly diverse regulatory frameworks in international, regional, national and local contexts. The book also identifies feasible ways to achieve more inclusive labour protection, putting into perspective the tension between the economic and the social in the ILO’s second century of operation. It includes reflections on the work of the ILO World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalisation by Tarja Halonen, who as President of Finland co-chaired the Commission with Benjamin William Mkapa, President of Tanzania. Written by distinguished experts and scholars in the fields of international labour law and international law, the book provides an insightful and in-depth analysis of the role of the ILO as an international organization devoted to decent work and social justice. It also sheds light on tripartism and its particular role in the work of the ILO, examining the challenges that a profoundly changing working life presents in terms of labour protection and social justice, and examining the transnational dimension of labour law. Lastly, the book includes a postscript by Nobel economics laureate Professor Joseph E. Stiglitz.

(Read the text in open access here)

Thursday, 9 July 2020

CALL FOR PAPERS: 'Britain, the League of Nations and the New International Order' (Online Conference 20-21 November 2020, University of Edinburgh) (DEADLINE: 20 August 2020)



The University of Edinburgh School of History, Classics & Archaeology has a Call for Papers for a conference on the League of Nations. Here the call:

November 2020 marks the centenary of the first meeting of the Assembly of the League of Nations in Geneva. The League was established by the Peace Conference at the end of the First World War to ‘promote international cooperation and to achieve international peace and security.’ The range of its activities was considerable and in recent years there has been renewed scholarly interest in the important work it undertook, which retains a relevance for modern policy makers.

Keynote speakers include:

Professor Glenda Sluga (University of Sydney)
Professor Peter Jackson (University of Glasgow)
Dr Madeleine Dungy (École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne)

Due to the continuing uncertainties presented by COVID-19, the conference will be held entirely online, through Microsoft Teams. There is no registration fee, but all attendees must register their interest via this web form. We would welcome 20-minute papers on any of the following aspects of the work of the League, and its role in the shaping of the post-First World War international system:

The work of the League – mandates, minority protection, refugees, economics and finance, disarmament and peace-making
The British Foreign Office and Geneva – the League Council and Assembly, British priorities
The League and its operation – the international civil service, the League and international law
The social work of the League – health, trafficking, women’s rights and gender equality
The cultural impact and legacy of the League – the LNU, peace movements, the League and popular culture, global governance in the twentieth and twenty-first century.
ECRs and PhD students are particularly encouraged to submit papers for panels consisting of three 20-minute papers. Those wishing to present papers are invited to submit a 250-word abstract and one-page CV to Dr David Kaufman, (D.Kaufman@ed.ac.uk) by 20 August, 2020.

More info here

(source: ESCLH Blog)

Friday, 26 June 2020

DIGITAL ARCHIVES: League of Nations (The Total Digital Access Project) past halfway


(image source: UNOG)

Announcement:
The Project team is proud to announce that, despite the recent challenges posed by COVID-19, we have reached an important milestone and have passed the half-way point of the scanning, with well over 7.5 million pages scanned! We want to thank our staff for their continued efforts and dedication to the project, as well as our partners and all those who have expressed their interest and encouragement! The Total Digital Access to the League of Nations Archives Project (LONTAD) will ensure state-of-the-art free online access and the digital and physical preservation of approximately 15 million pages, or almost three linear kilometers, the entirety of the archives of the League of Nations (1920-1946), the first global intergovernmental organization aiming to establish international peace and cooperation, and the predecessor of the United Nations. The LONTAD project is made possible through a generous donation of a private Swiss foundation. While digitization of these materials is only one part of the project, the figures above indicate our overall progress towards achieving this important step by the three main steps: preparing the documents for digitization, scanning, and indexing the materials to make them searchable. This website serves as a temporary platform to follow LONTAD’s progress, provide selections and highlights of materials from the collections, give access to related resources, and to provide technical information that may be useful to other archives professionals.
Read more here.

Tuesday, 18 February 2020

CALL FOR PAPERS: “Divided Together?” International Organizations and the Cold War” (Vienna, 3-4 June 2020) (DEADLINE: 15 May 2020)


(Source: H/Soz/Kult)

Via H-Soz-Kult, we learned of a call for papers on international organizations and the Cold War.

“Since the beginning of the 21st century, both Cold War studies and histories of internationalism have seen a tremendous renewal. It is now widely acknowledged that the Cold War cannot be reduced to a mere confrontation between the two superpowers and the ideologies that they have promoted. Small and mid-sized European powers, and neutral as well as recently decolonized countries pursued specific goals that escaped Cold War oppositions. Various actors worldwide promoted exchanges between the two blocs and offered challenging and rich alternatives to the ideological dichotomy between state socialism and liberal capitalism. Internationalism, moreover, reached its peak as both an ideological value and a political practice in the decades that followed the Second World War.
[…]”

The full call can be found here

(source: ESCLH Blog)

Thursday, 5 September 2019

CONFERENCE: A Century of Internationalisms – The Promise and Legacies of the League of Nations (Lisbon, 18-20 September 2019)


(Source: IHC)

The Universidade Nova de Lisboa is organizing a conference on the League of Nations later this month. The provision programme can be found here

This international conference aims to contribute to renew the interest and improve the knowledge of the League of Nations (LoN) and its impact in this last century marked by strong waves of internationalism and globalization, but also of crisis and nationalist reactions.

A multilateral institution such as the LoN is the ideal object for a truly global and connected history that goes beyond national historiographical traditions. That is what we intend to do with this conference, through presentations on these themes by 65 speakers affiliated with 60 institutions from 18 different countries.

The death toll of millions in World War I (1914-1918) led to an effort at the 1919 Paris peace conference to design a new international order with new norms and institutions. The creation in 1920 of the first permanent multilateral organization in the form of the League of Nations, the direct predecessor of the UN, was the most ambitious and controversial result of this effort. Although the LoN eventually failed to achieve its main goal of preventing a World War II, it did imprint, and does help to better understand the multiple dimensions of global life in the two decades of its existence. Many of these issues, which will be dealt with in the different panels of this conference, continued to be of great relevance up to today: from refugees to gender issues, from empires to their complex legacies, from territorial conflicts to terrorism, from workers’ rights to global financial system.

All info on the conference can be found here

(See call earlier on this blog)

(source: ESCLH Blog)

Thursday, 20 June 2019

PODCAST: Une histoire des relations internationales [La Fabrique de l'Histoire/France Culture]

La Fabrique de l'Histoire, the daily broadcast on history on France Culture, picked the history of international organizations as its theme from 10 to 13 June.

Comment au XIXe siècle, les ouvriers se sont-ils organisés pour lutter contre la mondialisation du capital et la mise en concurrence des travailleurs ? Et ce à l'échelle internationale ? L'historien Nicolas Delalande retrace la naissance en 1864 de l’Association Internationale des Travailleurs.


Institution la plus ancienne du système des Nations Unies, l'O.I.T. fête cette année son centenaire. L'occasion de revenir sur l'histoire de l'organisation mondiale qui fait autorité pour le monde du travail et défend les droits des travailleurs depuis 1919.






Tuesday, 19 March 2019

Antonios TZANAKOPOULOS, "La Russie et le Conseil de sécurité : les trois époques de la pratique (Russia and the Security Council: Three Epochs of Practice)" (Revue Générale de Droit International Public CXXIX (2019))

(image source: KUL)

Abstract:
French Abstract: Cette contribution concerne la pratique de la Russie dans sa qualité comme membre permanente du Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies. Elle tracerait la participation soviétique/russe au Conseil de sécurité en discernant approximativement trois époques de cette participation : l’époque soviétique du « deadlock », de l’impasse, pendant la guerre froide ; l’époque de retrait russe, de consensus entre les membres permanents et, par conséquence, de l’hégémonie américaine ; et l’époque actuelle paradoxale de réengagement, quand la Russie utilise les arguments occidentaux contre l’Occident. English Abstract:This paper discusses the three different epochs of Soviet/Russian practice in the Security Council. After recounting the 'switch' from the Soviet Union to the Russian Federation as a permanent member of the Security Council, the paper traces the three epochs it identifies: from the Soviet era of the deadlock during the Cold War, to the era of Russian retreat during the New World Order and US hegemony, to the current paradoxical era of Russian re-engagement, where Russia invokes Western arguments against the West.
Read the full paper on SSRN.

Tuesday, 29 January 2019

CONFERENCE: International Organizations and Decoloniation in Historical Perspective (Munich: LMU München, 25-26 Jan 2019)

(image source: LMU)
FRIDAY, February 25, 2019
Venue: Historisches Kolleg, Kaulbachstraße 15, 80539 München
9:00 – 9:15 COFFEE and REGISTRATION*
9:15 – 9:35 INTRODUCTION
Eva-Maria Muschik (University of Bern)
9:45 – 11:00 PANEL 1: Debating the Meaning of Decolonization – International Organizations as Venues
Anne-Isabelle Richard (Leiden University): “Negotiating Decolonization: African Delegates at the Council of Europe”
Elisabeth Leake (University of Leeds): “Debating Decolonization During the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan”
Chair and Discussant: Jennifer Foray (Purdue University)
11:00 – 11:30 BREAK
11:30 – 13:00 PANEL 2: The Imperialism of International Decolonization
Giorgio Poti (American University of Rome): “The Matryoshka of Empire: Egypt, Sudan and the League of Nations, 1919 –1924”
Stella Krepp (University of Bern): “America Para Los Americanos: The British Caribbean, Decolonization and the Inter-American System, 1940-1969”
Angela Loschke (Leipzig University): “Development, Decolonization and African Relations: South Africa, the UN and the Creation of the Economic Commission for Africa, 1950-1958”
Chair and Discussant: Jason Parker (Texas A&M University)
13:00 – 15:00 LUNCH BREAK*
15:00 – 16:30 PANEL 3: International Organizations as Platforms for Anti-Colonial Struggles
Giuliano Garavini (New York University Abu Dhabi): “Baghdad 1960: the Birth of OPEC as the First International Organization of the Global South”
Jeffrey Byrne (University of British Columbia): “African Unity and the Competing Apparata of the Third World Project”
Alanna O’Malley (Leiden University): “A View from Inside: Examining the Agency of UN officials on the Committee of 24 in Reconstituting the Means and Methods of Decolonization from 1961-1975”
Chair and Discussant: Simon Stevens (University of Sheffield)
16:30 – 17:00 COFFEE BREAK*
17:00 – 18:30 KEYNOTE LECTURE
Susan Pedersen (Columbia University): “Legitimation Crisis: The Italo-Ethiopian Dispute in International Politics”
Introduction: Madeleine Herren-Oesch (University of Basel)
18:30 – 19:30 RECEPTION*
SATURDAY, February 26, 2019
Venue: Historisches Seminar, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Amalienstr. 52, 80799 München; Room: K 001
9:30 – 10:30  PANEL 4: Shaping Decolonization through Advocacy, Standard Setting and Law Making
Meredith Terretta (University of Ottawa): “Early Human Rights NGOs, Anticolonial Activists and Freedom of Movement in Decolonizing Africa”
Bastiaan Bouwman (London School of Economics): “Christianity after Empire: The Ecumenical Movement’s Advocacy of Religious Freedom in Decolonizing Indonesia and Nigeria, 1945-1960”
Boyd van Dijk (University of Amsterdam): “Pluralizing Colonial Sovereignty: Creating International Law for the Wars of Decolonization”
Chair and Discussant: Pamela Ballinger (University of Michigan)
10:30 – 10:45 COFFEE BREAK*
10:45 – 12:15 PANEL 5: Decolonizing Knowledge and Expertise
Bogdan Iacob (University of Exeter): “Malariology, Peripheries, and Decolonization: East European Experts from the League of Nations to the World Health Organization”
William Carruthers (University of East Anglia): “Archaeological (Non?) Alignments: Egypt, India and the Scientific Geographies of UNESCO’s Nubian Campaign”
Su Lin Lewis (University of Bristol): “Competitive Cultural Diplomacy and Civil Society in 1950s Burma”
Chair and Discussant: Jessica Pearson (Macalaster College)
12:15 – 13:15 LUNCH BREAK*
13:15 – 14:45 PANEL 6: Decolonization and Humanitarian Interventions
Noelle Turtur (Columbia University): “Mothers without Milk: A Humanitarian Crisis in British Occupied Italian East Africa”
Brian McNeil (US Air War College): “The Battle of Geneva: The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Humanitarian Crisis in Biafra”
Emily Baughan (University of Sheffield): “Decolonising Development? The International Council of Child Welfare in Western Nigeria, 1963-1970”
Chair and Discussant: Tehila Sasson (Emory University)
14:45 – 15:00 COFFEE BREAK*
15:00 – 16:00 CONCLUDING DISCUSSION
Introduction: Roland Wenzlhuemer (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)
(more information here)

Tuesday, 22 January 2019

BOOK: Antonio R. PARRA, The History of ICSID, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018). ISBN 9780198834083, $38.95


(Source: OUP)

Oxford University Press has recently published the paperback version of “The History of ICSID”

ABOUT THE BOOK

Now available in paperback, the second edition of The History of ICSID details the history and development of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) and its constituent treaty, the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nationals of Other States.

Antonio Parra, the first Deputy Secretary-General of ICSID, traces the immediate origins of the Convention, in the years 1955 to 1962, and gives a stage-by-stage narrative of the drafting of the Convention between 1962 and 1965. He recounts details of bringing the Convention into force in 1966 and the elaboration of the initial versions of the Regulations and Rules of ICSID adopted at the first meetings of its Administrative Council in 1967. The four periods 1968 to 1988, 1989 to 1999, 2000 to 2010, and 2011 to 2015 are covered in separate chapters which examine the expansion of the Centre's activities and changes made to the Regulations and Rules over the years. There are also overviews of the conciliation and arbitration cases submitted to ICSID in the respective periods, followed by discussions of selected cases and key issues within them. A concluding chapter discusses some of the broad themes and findings of the book, examines how ICSID might meet several large new challenges facing it, and outlines several possible further changes of its rules and procedures
The book offers unique insight into the establishment and design of ICSID, as well as into how the institution evolved and its relationship with the World Bank over the 50 years since the establishment of ICSID. It is essential reading for those involved in this field.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Antonio R. Parra, Consultant with the Corporate Secretariat of the World Bank

Antonio R. Parra served as the first Deputy Secretary-General of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) from 1999 to 2005 and was Legal Adviser at ICSID from 1990 to 1999. His earlier positions include Senior Counsel, ICSID; Counsel, Office of the Senior Vice President and General Counsel, World Bank; Counsel, Policy and General Affairs, World Bank; Assistant Legal Counsel, OPEC Fund for International Development; and Research Staffer, OPEC Secretariat. At the World Bank's Legal Vice Presidency and ICSID, Mr Parra worked on the establishment of the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency and the preparation of the World Bank Guidelines on the Treatment of Foreign Direct Investment. He is an Honorary Secretary-General of the International Council for Commercial Arbitration (having been Secretary General from 2004 to 2010) and a Fellow of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction
2. Origins of the Convention
3. Broches's "Working Paper"
4. The Preliminary Draft of the Convention
5. Finalizing the Text of the Convention
6. Establishment and Launch of the Centre
7. ICSID's First Two Decades
8. Aspects of the Early Cases
9. ICSID from 1989 to 1999
10. ICSID from 2000 to 2010
11. "The Premier International Arbitration Facility in the World"
12. Conclusion

More information here
(source: ESCLH Blog)

Monday, 10 September 2018

BLOG: Tomoko AKAMI, Beyond the formula of the age of reason: experts, social sciences, and the phonic public in international politics (The Invention of Bureaucracy, Aarhus University)

(image source: Aarhus University)

First paragraph:
In recent years, the League of Nations has been examined as a ‘harbinger of global norms’ for the following UN system[1], rather than as a failed attempt at the world’s first collective security organization. Accordingly, scholars’ attention has shifted from diplomats, politicians and military officers to the experts who were in charge of the various norm-making projects of the League. One could even claim that the League was the first inter-governmental organization that began to consolidate the work of experts for the governing of the world. It mobilized experts, their ‘non-governmental’ expert organizations, and their networks across the globe.[2]

Read the full blogpost here.

Tuesday, 10 October 2017

CALL FOR ABSTRACTS: Historians Without Borders: Writing the Histories of International Organizations (Leiden: Leiden University, 22-23 Mar 2018); DEADLINE 13 Nov 2017

(image source: Leiden University)

HISTORIANS WITHOUT BORDERS
Writing Histories of International Organizations
Leiden University – 22-23 March 2018
 
This workshop is organized by the ERC project ‘Rethinking Disability’. It is intended to bring together early-career researchers from different fields working on international organizations, to discuss methodological challenges together with peers and established scholars. A combination of a master class, keynote lectures, and roundtable discussions aims at providing an informal and interactive setting for the exchange of ideas and perspectives. Confirmed speakers include:
  • Davide Rodogno (The Graduate Institute, Geneva)
  • Corinne Pernet (University of Geneva)
  • Kiran Patel (Maastricht University)
Call for abstracts
Ever since the paradigm of ‘globalization’ has found its way into the field of history, ways of writing histories beyond borders have proliferated. Today, historians no longer need to justify enlarging their geographical scope beyond the national, but it can nonetheless be a daunting task to decide on how to do this. While we are going beyond borders, the choice for a translocal, transnational, transregional or global history still reveals our preference for a certain scale. Methodologically, our toolbox now offers us concepts such as comparisons, transfers, connections, entanglements and circulations. As different approaches focus on different concepts, choosing one approach often entails a rejection of other possible approaches. Transnational historians will distance themselves from comparative history; global history, as any global historian will tell you, is not the same as world history. The further we seem to get in advancing the call for breaking with our ‘methodological nationalism’, the more we seem to split up into different subfields, where fruitful dialogue becomes increasingly difficult. The purpose of this workshop is to open up this dialogue, to see what specific advantages different approaches can offer and how they can be best put to use.
In order to do this, the workshop will focus on the history of international organizations (IOs), as they are “extremely stimulating heuristic objects for historians of globalism in that they represent a true laboratory of the accords and tensions at work between the international, national, and local scenes and frames of reference” (Kott, 2011, p. 449). Therefore, writing their history automatically compels us to think about methodologies of doing ‘history beyond borders’. Although they automatically force historians to think about international connections, it is equally important to consider the continuing role of local or national scales within international organizations. Research objects in this regard can encompass both the main intergovernmental organizations (IOs) – such as the League of Nations, the UN or the NATO – and the vast field of International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs), spanning a diverse range of causes from the environment (Greenpeace), over human rights (Amnesty International), to humanitarianism (Médecins sans frontières).
For this workshop, we are looking for original contributions on the history of IOs and INGOs, based on empirical research, but with explicit methodological reflections on transnational, global, comparative, etc. approaches. Questions raised can include (but are not limited to):
  • What specific advantages do different approaches bring to the history of international organizations?
  • Are these approaches mutually exclusive, or do we need to combine different perspectives and concepts?
  • What are some of the methodological challenges in writing the history of international organizations, in terms of analyzing connections, entanglements, comparisons, etc.?
  • What are some of the practical challenges in writing the history of international organizations, in terms of mobility, language barriers, cultural sensitivity, etc.?
  • How can we deal with the fact that levels can be used both as analytical concepts (used by the historian) and as historical concepts (used by the historical actors)?
  • How can we deal with different uses of terms like international, national, local, e.g. as level, geographical or spatial unit or loyalty of a historical actor?
  • How can we deal with the (hidden) hierarchy of terms or levels like global, national, etc.?
Program
The workshop will offer a combination of a master class, keynote lectures, and roundtable discussions. It will start on 22 March in the afternoon, with a master class by Davide Rodogno (The Graduate Institute, Geneva), followed by a keynote lecture by Corinne Pernet (University of Geneva). The second day (23 March) will consist of roundtable sessions, where participants present their research and enter into discussion. Senior researchers will chair these sessions and Kiran Patel (Maastricht University) will deliver a closing keynote.
Submission of abstracts
Please send an abstract of max. 500 words and a short CV to the following email address: rethinkingdisability@hum.leidenuniv.nl by 13 November 2017. Questions to the organizers can be sent using the same address. Authors will be notified regarding the acceptance of their contribution by 20 November. Invited participants will be expected to submit a short draft version of a more substantial paper two weeks prior to the event, which will be circulated among all other participants. Participants who are accepted to present their paper are also automatically accepted to participate in the master class. If you are unable or do not wish to attend the master class, kindly indicate this in your application.
Organization
The workshop is initiated and hosted by the research team of the ERC project ‘Rethinking Disability: the Global Impact of the International Year of Disabled Persons (1981) in Historical Perspective’, based in the Institute for History at Leiden University. It is supported by the Huizinga Institute, the national Dutch research network for Cultural History.
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(source: HNet)

Thursday, 23 July 2015

BOOK: Gabrielle MARCEAU (ed.), A History of Law and Lawyers in the GATT/WTO. The Development of the Rule of Law in the Multilateral Trading System. Cambridge: CUP, May 2015. 648 p. ISBN 9781107085237. £ 95

(image source: CUP)

Gabrielle Marceau (WTO Secretariat, Geneva) published a collective work at Cambridge University Press on  A History of Law and Lawyers in the GATT/WTO. The Development of the Rule of Law in the Multilateral Trading System

Abstract:
How did a treaty that emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War, and barely survived its early years, evolve into one of the most influential organisations in international law? This unique book brings together original contributions from an unprecedented number of eminent current and former GATT and WTO staff members, including many current and former Appellate Body members, to trace the history of law and lawyers in the GATT/WTO and explore how the nature of legal work has evolved over the institution's sixty-year history. In doing so, it paints a fascinating portrait of the development of the rule of law in the multilateral trading system, and allows some of the most important personalities in GATT and WTO history to share their stories and reflect on the WTO's remarkable journey from a 'provisionally applied treaty' to an international organisation defined by its commitment to the rule of law.


=> Provides a new perspective on the role of law and lawyers in the GATT/WTO Secretariats which highlights the multiple roles of lawyers and non-lawyers in enhancing the rule of law in the multilateral trading system
=> Offers an historical and analytical description of the evolution of the rule of law in the GATT/WTO systems and the various and sometimes contradictory ways in which commitment to the rule of law has manifested itself in the multilateral trading system
=> Contributions from a wide range of current and former GATT and WTO staff, as well as members of the Appellate Body, provide unprecedented insights into the legal work in the multilateral trading system, as experienced by a wide range of persons


Table of contents:
1. Introduction and overview
 2. Moving towards an international rule of law? The role of the GATT and the WTO in its development

Part I. The Role of Law and Lawyers in the GATT System:
1948–92: Infancy: Reflections on the Origins of Legalization in the GATT:
3. We were young together: at the GATT, 1956–58
 4. Law and lawyers in the multilateral trading system: back to the future
 5. Towards a GATT legal office
 6. A short history of the rules division
 Childhood: the Tokyo Round and the establishment and work of the first legal office:
7. Remembrance of things past: my time at the GATT
 8. The first years of the GATT legal service
 9. Early dispute settlement in the GATT
 10. GATT dispute settlement practices: setting the stage for reform
 11. The role of law in international trade relations and the establishment of the Legal Affairs Division of the GATT
 12. From the GATT to the WTO: a personal journey
 13. The establishment of a GATT Office of Legal Affairs and the limits of 'public reason' in the GATT/WTO dispute settlement system
 14. Evolving dispute settlement practice with respect to anti-dumping in the late 1980s and early 1990s

 Part II. Legal Work After the Entry into Force of the WTO:
1993–95: Adolescence: Transition from the GATT to the WTO:
15. The Legal Affairs Division and law in the Uruguay Round and the GATT
 16. Taking care of business: the Legal Affairs Division from the GATT to the WTO
 17. From the GATT to the WTO: the expanding duties of the Legal Affairs Division in non-panel matters
 18. The WTO Dispute Settlement Body: procedural aspects of its operation
 Young adult: the WTO as a formal international organisation:
19. Making law in 'new' WTO subject areas: competition policy and government procurement
 20. The meat in the sandwich
 21. From theory to practice: drafting and applying the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU)
 22. WTO panel composition: searching far and wide for administrators of world trade justice
 23. Legal counsel to the administration: a legal adviser who should not look like one
 24. Outside looking in, after many years on the inside looking out

Part III. The Changing Legal Character of the Multilateral Trading System:
1996 to Today: Adulthood: The Quasi-Judicialization of the Panel Process by the Rules and Legal Affairs Divisions:
25. The first years of WTO dispute settlement: dealing with controversy and building confidence
 26. From Seattle to Doha: from the surreal to the unreal. A personal account
 27. Extending the scope and strengthening the legitimacy of WTO dispute settlement and some personal recollections Bruce Wilson
 28. Working in WTO dispute settlement: pride without prejudice
 29. The meaning of everything: the origin and evolution of the GATT and the WTO analytical index
 30. When science meets law: the rule of law in the development of the panel's expert consultation process
 Gaining maturity: the appellate body and the impact of the appellate review on the development of international trade law:
31. The founding of the appellate body
 32. The authority of an institution: the appellate body under review
 33. Launching the appellate body
 34. Revisiting the appellate body: the first six years
 35. Not in clinical isolation
 36. The appellate body in its formative years: a personal perspective
 37. Reflections on the functioning of the appellate body
 38. A country boy goes to Geneva
 39. Contribution of the WTO appellate body to treaty interpretation

Part IV. Looking Ahead: New Challenges and Opportunities:40. Advising the Director-General: brevity is the soul of wit, even for a lawyer
 41. The Legal Affairs Division at thirty and beyond
 42. Will the increased workload of WTO panels and the appellate body change how WTO disputes are adjudicated?
 43. Concluding remarks.